Category: Small College

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Small College America – Profile: Alice Lloyd College

March 24, 2025, by Dean Hoke: Each small college has something special about it. Alice Lloyd College in Pippa Passes, Kentucky, was founded by Alice Spencer Geddes Lloyd and June Buchanan. They established the school in 1923 with minimal funds to provide affordable, quality education for Appalachian students facing economic hardship and limited educational opportunities. Their pioneering vision continues today, empowering students to become leaders dedicated to serving their Appalachian communities. This profile of Alice Lloyd College ​is the seventh in a series presenting small colleges throughout the United States.

Background

Established in 1923, Alice Lloyd College (ALC) is a private liberal arts college located in Pippa Passes, Kentucky, in the heart of Appalachia. The campus occupies approximately 175 acres in a picturesque mountain valley, offering an idyllic rural setting. Alice Spencer Geddes Lloyd (1876 – 1962) and her co-founder June Buchanan (1887 – 1988)  were the co-founders and worked without pay on both education and fundraising for the college.

The school was created to provide post-secondary educational opportunities to serve students from Appalachia; the college remains steadfastly committed to its original mission of providing affordable, quality education, especially to students from Kentucky’s Appalachian region. It became a bachelor’s degree-granting institution in the early 1980s. Alice Lloyd College serves almost exclusively a 108-county Central Appalachian service area. Tuition is guaranteed to full-time students residing in the service area.

Alice Lloyd College remains dependent on the private support of the American free-enterprise system for over half of its revenue sources.

Curricula

Alice Lloyd College offers bachelor’s degrees across numerous academic fields, including Biological Sciences, Education, English, History, Sociology, Business Administration, and Criminal Justice. Education remains a cornerstone of ALC, reflecting its historic mission, with notable concentrations in Elementary Education, Secondary Education, and Special Education.

ALC’s distinctive curriculum model is designed around leadership education and character development, which are integral to the college’s foundational philosophy. Alice Lloyd’s Gatton Winston Scholars Program (formerly The Caney Scholars Program) financially supports ALC graduates seeking advanced degrees. It is the only program of its kind in the nation. Applicants must have high academic standards, be of strong character, and show potential for leadership. The College’s “Caney Scholars” program emphasizes leadership, community service, and personal responsibility, complementing traditional liberal arts education.

Strengths

  • Tuition Guarantee and Financial Aid: Alice Lloyd College offers free tuition for full-time students residing within its designated service area, making higher education accessible to economically disadvantaged students in Appalachia. This tuition-guarantee policy, funded through endowment revenues and private donations, covers full tuition for eligible students.
  • Work-Study Program: Uniquely, all full-time students participate in a mandatory work-study program. This program requires them to contribute labor weekly to campus operations, fostering a strong work ethic, practical experience, and reduced operating costs for the institution. Only seven colleges in the US have such a program.
  • High Graduate Success Rates: Nearly 95% of Alice Lloyd graduates secure employment or acceptance to graduate programs within six months of graduation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the College’s rigorous academic and character development programs.
  • Leadership and Character Development: A cornerstone of Alice Lloyd College’s educational experience is the emphasis on developing leaders through service learning and character education, which external evaluators consistently recognize as a defining institutional strength.

Weaknesses

  • Alice Lloyd College’s student retention and six-year graduation rate is below both national and regional averages for private colleges.  
  • Financial Dependency on Donations: Alice Lloyd College operates tuition-free for eligible students from its service region, placing considerable reliance on donations, grants, and endowment income. This dependence can pose financial stability risks if philanthropic trends shift negatively.
  • Rural Isolation: The College’s isolated location, while picturesque, can deter students seeking urban experiences or greater proximity to metropolitan opportunities, limiting the pool of prospective students to those primarily interested in a rural collegiate experience.

Economic Impact

Alice Lloyd College significantly impacts the economy and social infrastructure of eastern Kentucky. Alice Lloyd College significantly contributes to the local and regional economy, generating $33 million in total economic impact for the Fiscal Year 2021-2022, according to a recent study commissioned by the Association of Independent Kentucky Colleges and Universities. According to Alice Lloyd College President Jim Stepp,  “Today, 83% of our alumni live, work, and serve in these mountains and are fulfilling our founders’ vision. Additionally, the college frequently engages in community initiatives, supporting local economic and educational development.

Enrollment

Enrollment at Alice Lloyd College remains stable between 550 and 600, primarily from Appalachia. However, recent years have seen an uptick in applications from outside the immediate region due to increased awareness of its distinctive tuition-free and work-study models.  Key points:

  • The acceptance rate in Fall 2023 is 86%—source: National Center for Education Statistics.
  • 48% of graduates are first-generation, 4-year college graduates.
  • 98% of their students come from the 108-county Appalachia Region.

Graduation and Retention Rates

Source: Alice Lloyd College Student Achievement Report

The graduation and retention rates for private colleges are below both national and regional averages. The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center reports that private nonprofit institutions have an average six-year graduation rate of 68%. In Kentucky, the average six-year graduation rate for private colleges is approximately 52.5%. For freshman-to-sophomore retention, the national average is 75%, and Kentucky is about 79%.

Alice Lloyd College’s graduation and retention rates reflect its explicit mission to serve Appalachian students facing significant socioeconomic, geographic, educational, and cultural barriers. Many students are first-generation, with limited financial resources and weaker academic preparation. The institution’s rural location limits access to employment, internships, and support services common in urban areas. Additionally, strong family obligations in Appalachian culture can disrupt students’ academic progress. The college’s pronounced commitment to educating high-risk students partially accounts for lower retention and graduation rates relative to national and regional averages for private nonprofit colleges.

Degrees Awarded by Major

In 2022- 2023, Alice Lloyd College conferred degrees as follows: 92 seniors graduated. In the Class of 2022, 50% are working (all in Appalachia), 45% are in graduate or professional school, 2% are in the military, and 3% are unemployed 6 months after graduation.

Alumni

Alice Lloyd College boasts an alumni network committed to community service, leadership, and regional development, with graduates frequently occupying influential positions in education, healthcare, business, and public service within Appalachia.  According to LinkedIn, which has 1,169 alums registered, of which 704 live in Kentucky.

Notable alumni include:

  • Carl Perkins ( attended in the early 1930s) House of Representatives 1949 – 1984 Known for his advocacy of higher education, including the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act, which focuses on improving career and technical education programs
  • Dr. Clyde Thornsberry (39) Centers for Disease Control, where he gained a national and international reputation as a scientist and expert in several fields, including microbiology and infectious diseases.
  • Dr. Warren Grady Stumbo (65) is a Distinguished physician and public servant from Eastern Kentucky.
  • Preston Spradlin (09) Head Basketball Coach James Madison University

Endowment and Financial Standing

Alice Lloyd College maintains a modest yet healthy endowment, valued around $60 – $70 million. Financial stability remains reliant mainly on consistent fundraising efforts and prudent asset management. Forbes 2023 Financial Health Evaluation gives a GPA of 3.463 out of 4.5 and a grade of A-. This reflects Alice Lloyd College’s fiscal responsibility, with continued positive ratings from financial health assessments.

Why is Alice Lloyd Important?

  • Strong Regional Commitment: The college addresses Appalachian educational disparities and actively contributes to the region’s long-term economic and social well-being.
  • Providing Tuition-Free Education: ALC significantly reduces financial barriers for Appalachian students, enabling higher education access for underserved populations.
  • Community Development: The college nurtures local economic and social growth by educating regional students who return as impactful leaders.
  • Innovative Work-Study Model: ALC’s mandatory Student Work Program teaches graduates practical workplace skills and instills a strong work ethic.

Alice Lloyd College is a unique school that fulfills its mission to educate mountain people for positions of leadership and service to the Appalachian region. 98% of its students come from the region, and 83% of its alumni return to live, work, and serve in the Appalachian region.

Dean Hoke is Managing Partner of Edu Alliance Group, a higher education consultancy, and a Senior Fellow with the Sagamore Institute. He formerly served as President/CEO of the American Association of University Administrators (AAUA). With decades of experience in higher education leadership, consulting, and institutional strategy, he brings a wealth of knowledge on small colleges’ challenges and opportunities. Dean, along with Kent Barnds, are co-hosts for the podcast series Small College America. 

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Small College America – Profile: Whitman College

March 17, 2025, by Dean Hoke: This profile of Whitman College is the sixth in a series presenting small colleges throughout the United States.

Background

Founded in 1859, Whitman College is a private liberal arts institution located in Walla Walla, Washington. Its 117-acre campus blends historic architecture with modern facilities, creating an inviting environment for academic pursuits and campus life. Originally established as a seminary, Whitman transitioned to a secular liberal arts institution in the early 1880s and has since garnered recognition for its academic rigor, liberal arts commitment, and tight-knit community.

Whitman prides itself on a student-to-faculty ratio of 9:1, facilitating personalized education. Approximately 1,500 students from across the United States and internationally enroll at Whitman, attracted by its personalized instruction and strong emphasis on experiential learning.

Curricula

Whitman College offers over 45 majors and numerous minors spanning the arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences. Popular disciplines include Environmental Studies, Political Science, Psychology, Economics, and Biology. The curriculum, deeply rooted in the traditional liberal arts, continues to evolve, notably introducing two new majors in Fall 2023: Brain, Behavior & Cognition (Neuroscience) and Ethics & Society, reflecting increasing student interest in neuroscience and applied ethics.

One hallmark program at Whitman is Semester in the West, a unique field-based study experience where students engage directly with environmental and policy research across the American West. Additionally, Whitman’s Encounters Program forms a cornerstone of the first-year academic experience, promoting critical thinking and interdisciplinary learning.

Graduate outcomes at Whitman are exceptional, with nearly 70% of alumni enrolling in graduate or professional programs within five years of graduation. The six-year graduation rate stands at an impressive 88%, among the highest for liberal arts colleges in the Pacific Northwest.

Strengths

  • Strong Post-Graduate Outcomes: Over 91% of Whitman graduates secure employment or enroll in graduate programs within six months after graduation, highlighting the institution’s effectiveness in preparing students for professional success.
  • Experiential Learning: More than 80% of students participate in internships, research, or off-campus programs such as Semester in the West and the Whitman in China teaching fellowship, exemplifying Whitman’s commitment to hands-on learning experiences.
  • Prestigious Recognition: Whitman students consistently win competitive fellowships and awards, including Fulbright grants, Watson Fellowships, and NSF Fellowships. Since 2000, students have secured more than 600 awards.
  • Sustainability and Outdoor Leadership: Whitman’s Outdoor Program provides extensive opportunities for students to engage in activities like hiking, kayaking, skiing, and environmental stewardship, reflecting the institution’s emphasis on sustainability and outdoor leadership.
  • Financial Strength and Support: Despite its modest enrollment, Whitman maintains a substantial endowment nearing $800 million. This financial strength enables the college to offer robust financial aid packages, greatly reducing costs for middle-income families and improving access.

Weaknesses

  • Geographic Isolation and Limited Visibility: Whitman’s location in Walla Walla presents both advantages and challenges. While the picturesque rural setting fosters a tight-knit community, the distance from major urban centers—roughly four hours from Seattle or Portland—can deter prospective students seeking metropolitan amenities. Consequently, Whitman must invest heavily in marketing and recruitment to attract students beyond the Pacific Northwest.
  • Dependence on Tuition Revenue: While Whitman is financially stable, its operating model remains heavily reliant on tuition, with endowment payouts currently covering around 40% of operational expenses. This reliance necessitates careful financial management and continued growth in the endowment.
  • Enrollment and Demographic Trends: Like many liberal arts colleges, Whitman faces a national decline in the traditional college-age population, coupled with increased competition for top-tier students. In response, Whitman has significantly expanded merit-based and need-based financial aid packages, currently averaging a tuition discount rate over 50%. To address demographic challenges, Whitman is actively broadening its applicant pool through partnerships with organizations such as the Posse Foundation and Matriculate.

Economic Impact

Whitman College is a significant economic driver in Walla Walla. It is among the largest employers in the region, accounting collectively for roughly 1,600 jobs in Walla Walla County​.

Beyond direct employment, Whitman attracts thousands of students and visitors to the area each year, which boosts the local hospitality and retail sectors. Students spend on housing, groceries, dining, and entertainment in town, and their families visit for events like orientation, Family Weekend, and Commencement, filling hotels and restaurants​. The tourism bureau has even created guides for families visiting their “scholars” at Whitman, recognizing the economic benefit of college-related travel​.

Whitman also fosters long-term regional economic growth through strategic partnerships. A key example is the Gateway Program, in collaboration with Walla Walla Community College, which encourages community college students—particularly first-generation and low-income students—to pursue four-year degrees at Whitman. These initiatives enhance local educational attainment and create a talent pipeline beneficial to the regional economy. Additionally, Whitman engages actively with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, supporting educational and cultural initiatives that enrich the local community.

Enrollment Trends As of Fall 2024, Whitman enrollment is 1,561 students. Over the past decade, enrollment has slightly increased despite national declines in liberal arts college applications and the COVID crisis. To counteract demographic shifts, Whitman has expanded financial aid offerings and enhanced recruitment efforts in the Western U.S., international markets, and underrepresented student populations.

Degrees Awarded by Major In the 2023 graduating class, ​Whitman College conferred degrees across various disciplines.

Alumni

Whitman College boasts a vibrant alumni network comprising over 18,000 graduates worldwide. Alumni connections are notably strong in the Pacific Northwest, California, and Washington, D.C., providing substantial networking opportunities through programs such as “Whitties Helping Whitties.” This network significantly aids in securing internships, job placements, and mentoring opportunities for current students.

Notable Alumni

  • Adam West (Class of 1951) – Actor best known for portraying Batman in the 1960s television series.
  • William O. Douglas (Class of 1920) – U.S. Supreme Court Justice, serving from 1939 to 1975.
  • John W. Stanton (Class of 1977)- Chairman of the Board Trilogy Partners and majority owners of the Seattle Mariners.
  • Peter Adkison (Class of 1985) – Founder of Wizards of the Coast, publisher of Magic: The Gathering.
  • Dorothy Marie “Dottie” Metcalf-Lindenburger (Class of 1997) is a retired American astronaut. She was a high school science teacher when she was selected in 2004 as an educator mission specialist. 
  • Holly Brooks (Class 2004) – Winter Olympian in Nordic Skiing

Endowment and Financial Standing

As of 2024, Whitman College’s endowment is valued at nearly $800 million. While this places Whitman on solid financial footing, the college remains largely tuition-dependent. In the 2024–25 budget year, the endowment payout will cover over 40% of Whitman’s operating expenses, which significantly reduces reliance on tuition revenue.​

Whitman College Endowment Growth:

Whitman’s financial aid program has expanded in recent years, aiming to increase affordability and access for students from all economic backgrounds. Forbes 2023 Financial Health Evaluation gave Whitman a B+ grade and a financial grade of 3.345  out of 4.5. Whitman enters 2025 in a favorable financial position.​

Why is Whitman College Important?

  • Academic Excellence: Whitman College maintains a challenging liberal arts curriculum that prepares students for a wide range of careers and graduate studies.
  • High Graduate Success Rates: With 91% of graduates employed or in graduate school within six months, Whitman produces competitive and well-rounded professionals.
  • Experiential Learning and Outdoor Leadership: Signature programs such as Semester in the West and the Outdoor Program allow students to engage in real-world learning.
  • Sustainability and Civic Engagement: Whitman plays a key role in environmental advocacy, sustainability, and community service.

With its strong academic reputation, experiential learning opportunities, and commitment to sustainability, Whitman College remains a leading liberal arts institution in the Pacific Northwest.

Dean Hoke is Managing Partner of Edu Alliance Group, a higher education consultancy, and a Senior Fellow with the Sagamore Institute. He formerly served as President/CEO of the American Association of University Administrators (AAUA). With decades of experience in higher education leadership, consulting, and institutional strategy, he brings a wealth of knowledge on small colleges’ challenges and opportunities. Dean, along with Kent Barnds, are co-hosts for the podcast series Small College America.